What is the effect of revisiting well-known episodes – the Oregon Trail in the 1840s, the California Gold Rush a few years later, the Donner-Reed party disaster, the 'Whitman massacre' – from women’s perspectives? The most profound reorientation comes in Indigenous women’s accounts. They do not predominate numerically in this volume, but Hickman works to centre the hard truths they tell about the violence, environmental destruction and cultural ignorance attendant on westward expansion.