The book isn't really 'An Underground History' Medgar Evers, Fannie Lou Hamer, Rachel Carson, Norbert Wiener and other individuals featured by Gaines were public figures in the '50s—and many 21st-century Americans are familiar with them. Gaines maintains, not always persuasively, that in the 1950s Black women (like Pauli Murray) were 'pioneers of a vigorous postwar feminism.' And that Black World War II veterans (like Evers, Robert Williams and Kennard) believed 'nonviolence without the support of armed resistance to racist violence amounted to surrender'.